English Pronouns
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
OBJECT PRONOUNS
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
I
me
my
mine
myself
you
you
your
yours
yourself
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
(its)
itself
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
Simple Past Tense
Use
1) action finished in the past
I visited Berlin last week.
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2) series of completed actions in the past
First I got up, then I had breakfast
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3) together with the Past Progressive/Continuous - The Simple Past interrupted an action which was in progress in the past.
They were playing cards when the telephone rang.
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Signal words
yesterday, last week, a month ago, in 2002
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Form- with regular verbs: infinitive + -ed
- with irregular verbs: 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs
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Examples
Affirmative sentences:
Regular verbs irregular verbs
I played football. I went to the cinema.
We visited Alaska last year. We were in Rome yesterday.
Negative sentences:
You must not negate a full verb in English. Always use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of to do) for negations.
I played football.
I didn't play football.
He didn't play football.
Questions:
Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of to do).
Did you play football?
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
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Present | Past | Past Participle |
| be | was, were | been |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| burst | burst | burst |
| buy | bought | bought |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| come | came | come |
| cut | cut | cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| do | did | done |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| get | got | gotten |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grow | grew | grown |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| leave | left | left |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| quit | quit | quit |
| read | read | read |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shine | shone | shone |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sit | sat | sat |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spring | sprang | sprung |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wake | woke (waked) | woken (waked) |
| wear | wore | worn |
| win | won | won |
| write | wrote | written |
LIE versus LAY
| Present | Past | Past Participle |
| lie, lying (to tell a falsehood) | I lied to my mother. | I have lied under oath. |
| lie, lying (to recline) | I lay on the bed because I was tired. | He has lain in the grass. |
| lay, laying (to put, place) | I laid the baby in her cradle. | We have laid the dishes on the table. |
After laying down his weapon, the soldier lay down to sleep.
Will you lay out my clothes while I lie down to rest?
SIT versus SET
| Present | Past | Past Participle |
| sit (to be seated or come to resting position) | I sat in my favorite chair. | You have sat there for three hours. |
| set (to put or place) | I set my glass on the table. | She has set her books on my desk again. |
Let's set the table before we sit down to rest.
RISE versus RAISE
| Present | Past | Past Participle |
| rise (steady or customary upward movement) | The balloon rose into the air. | He has risen to a position of power. |
| raise (to cause to rise) | They raised their hands because they knew the answer. | I have raised the curtain many times. |
The boy raised the flag just before the sun rose.